Study on Balance between Supply and Demand for Timber and Timber Products in China

INTRODUCTION Because China is deficient in forest resources, and the forest has the characteristics of low quality, uneven distribution, slow growth and severe situation of ecological environment, the ecology construction has become the first requirement in society and with the implementation of the “Natural Forest Conservation Program”, Chinese forestry is in the historic transition from timber production to ecological construction. Therefore, the timber production in China increases…     

浅谈分户水表安装和改造中的几个问题

本文叙述了进行“一户一表”改造的必要性和常用方案,对实施过程中出现的问题进行了分析 并提出解决方案。     

马尾松种源对磷肥的遗传反应及根际土壤营养差异

利用5a生马尾松种源与磷肥互作试验林，研究不同种源对磷肥的遗传反应式样以及在低(缺)磷环境下的根际营养差异。结果发现，广东高州和广西岑溪两种源对磷肥的反应显著，属于对磷肥敏感型种源。广东信宜和福建武平两种源对磷肥反应不敏感，属于耐低磷型或对磷肥不敏感型种源，而江西崇义种源显著的磷肥效应仅在造林后头2～3年显示。对于根际土的的化学性质，不同种源虽有较大差异，但根际土的有机质、全氮、水解氮和有效磷含量一般显著高于非根际土。不同种源根际对土壤中的磷都具有活化作用和富集作用，尤其是广东信宜和福建武平两种源对土壤磷的活化和富集作用最为强烈，这可初步解释这两个种源对磷肥不敏感、能适应低(缺)磷胁迫的遗传机制。马尾松不同种源根际土壤并未发生明显的酸化。     

华北石质山区山茱萸人工林蒸腾特征及水分供求关系

于2005年及2006年主要生长季节(4-9月),采用由热扩散植物液流技术测算得到的蒸腾速率数据,结合同步观测得到降雨量,分析华北石质山区15年生山茱萸人工林耗水规律及水分供求关系.结果表明:1)山茱萸人工林蒸腾量呈现出明显的日际变化或月变化特征.表现为4-5月逐渐升高、6月左右达到高峰值、7月以后逐渐降低.2005年及2006年4-9月蒸腾总量分别为265.3和194.9 mm,4-9月各月蒸腾总量占蒸腾总量的比例在2005年分别为10.7%、22.3%、21.6%、21.2%、12.9%和11.2%,在2006年分别为16.2%、20.2%、20.3%、17.9%、13.6%和11.2%;2)蒸腾与冠层太阳总辐射、空气温度、湿度及风速等微气象要素有很好的复相关性(α=0.01),偏相关系数表明,各月内影响蒸腾的最主要微气象因子都是冠层太阳总辐射;3)4-9月降雨总量与蒸腾总量的比值(R/Tr)＞1.0,且除4月外,其他各月R/Tr也大于或接近于1.0,说明除4月外,降水可以满足山茱萸人工林蒸腾耗水的需要.     

Technical change in forest sector models: the global forest products model approach

Technical change is developing rapidly in some parts of the forest sector, especially in the pulp and paper industry where wood fiber is being substituted by waste paper. In forest sector models, the processing of wood and other input into products is frequently represented by activity analysis (input–output). In this context, technical change translates in changes over time of the input–output (I–O) coefficients and of the manufacturing cost (labor, capital, and materials, excluding wood and fiber). In the case of the global forest products model, the I–O coefficients and the manufacturing costs are determined empirically from historical data, while correcting for possible reporting errors. The method consists of goal programming. The objective function is the sum of the weighted absolute value of the deviations from estimated and observed production in each country of interest. The constraints express the relationship between the multiple output (sawnwood, panels, pulp, paper) and input (wood, waste paper, other fiber) and prior knowledge on the limits of the I–O coefficients. The paper presents observed technical changes from 1993 to 2010 and projections to 2030 with their consequences for the global forest sector in terms of prices, production and consumption, value added, and carbon sequestration in forest biomass.     

关于城市供热计量收费的探讨

本文从我国城市集中供热收费的现状出发,探讨了城市供热计量收费的合理性、可行性及必然趋势。     

Soil properties and nitrogen availability in silvopastoral plantings of Acacia melanoxylon in North Island, New Zealand

Acacia melanoxylon, a N₂-fixing timber tree occurring naturally in eastern Australia, is now promoted as a component of silvopastoral systems; but the interaction of the tree with pasture and soils has not been adequately studied. This study investigated the effects of Acacia melanoxylon on soil nitrogen (N) levels, N availability, soil pH, bulk density, organic carbon, C:N ratios and soil moisture in three separate silvopastoral sites with contrasting soil types in the North Island of New Zealand. At each site four tree stocking rates were studied (0, 500, 800, and 1700 stems ha^–1). The trees were nine years old at the time of the study. Soil samples from each study site were taken once at three depths (0 to 75 mm, 75 to 150 mm, and 150 to 300 mm), with three replicates per tree stocking rate. Soil analyses showed that although there were differences between soil types, few statistically significant differences occurred due to tree stocking rate. A greenhouse pot trial growing ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L. cv. Concord) in soil from the A horizon of each soil type from under the trees and the open pasture found that ryegrass yield, N uptake and N supply increased with increasing tree stocking rate. Increased N supply under the trees, coupled with greater soil moisture compared to the open pasture may have accounted for the higher pasture yield under Acacia melanoxylon compared to non dinitrogen fixing tree species. This study suggested that Acacia melanoxylon in a silvopastoral system had the potential to increase soil N availability.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中国木材市场供给结构分析

文内首先对我国木材市场的变化进行了简单回顾，并从计划内产量、计划外产量、非单板型人造板产量以及木材净进口量四个方面，对我国木材市场供给结构进行了分析；最后，针对我国木材市场供给结构的现状，对其进行了发展趋势分析。     

不同施肥处理对笋用红竹林土壤特性的影响

2001-2004年以笋用红竹林小区精确施肥试验为基础,结合试验区内部分长期定位观测,比较研究了不同施肥处理对笋用红竹林生态系统土壤特性的影响.试验采用有机肥、纯化肥(N、NP、NPK)、有机 化肥、不施肥(CK)6个处理.结果表明:在连续3 a持续经营条件下,笋用竹林未施肥区(CK)土壤相应的有效养分消耗最快,有机质下降8.0%,全N下降5.2%,速效P下降15.0%,单施有机肥或NP、NPK化肥配施或有机无机肥料混合施用均可增加土壤有机质含量,提高次序为有机肥 化肥处理 (24.08%) >有机肥处理 (8.49%)>化肥NPK处理 (2.28%)>化肥NP处理 (1.90%),单施N肥后土壤有机质则有所下降(-4.06%),但下降幅度不如未施肥区(-7.98%).与CK区和单施化肥区比较,有机 化肥配合施用,不但提高了土壤有效养分含量,同时增加了土壤微生物生物量,促进了土壤物质的循环,提高了竹林土壤的潜在供肥能力,有利于竹林的持续生产力的发挥.     

黑龙江省非转基因大豆产业绿色供应链协同模式研究

以黑龙江省非转基因大豆产业为例,提出非转基因大豆产业绿色供应链协同模式形成的必要性与可行性。界定非转基因大豆产业绿色供应链协同的利益相关者,构建非转基因大豆产业绿色供应链协同模式的结构模型,并分别从战略协同、管理协同、操作协同三个维度探析了非转基因大豆产业绿色供应链协同模式。